Canker Sores

What Causes Canker Sores?

Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small, painful lesions that develop inside the mouth, often on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or soft palate. Unlike cold sores, which are caused by the herpes virus, canker sores are not contagious. Understanding what causes canker sores is crucial for preventing and managing these uncomfortable ulcers.

Common Causes of Canker Sores

1. Stress and Hormonal Changes

• Stress is a significant factor that can trigger the development of canker sores. Emotional stress can weaken the immune system, making it easier for these painful ulcers to form. Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women, can also contribute to the onset of canker sores, especially during menstruation.

1. Nutritional Deficiencies

• Deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin B12, folic acid, zinc, and iron, are common contributors to the development of canker sores. A lack of these nutrients can impair the body’s ability to repair and maintain the mucosal lining of the mouth, leading to the formation of ulcers.

1. Food Sensitivities

• Certain foods can trigger canker sores in susceptible individuals. Acidic foods like citrus fruits, tomatoes, and strawberries, as well as spicy foods, can irritate the lining of the mouth and lead to ulcers. Additionally, food sensitivities or allergies to ingredients like gluten can also cause canker sores.

1. Injury or Trauma

• Accidental bites, sharp edges from dental appliances, or aggressive tooth brushing can cause minor injuries inside the mouth. These small injuries can evolve into canker sores if not properly cared for.

1. Underlying Medical Conditions

• Some medical conditions are associated with recurrent canker sores. These include autoimmune diseases like Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and Behçet’s disease. In these cases, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the mouth, leading to the development of ulcers.

1. Genetic Factors

• Genetics can play a role in the development of canker sores. If your family has a history of canker sores, you may be more prone to getting them as well. Studies have shown that there is a hereditary component, which can make some people more susceptible.

1. Toothpaste and Mouthwash Ingredients

• Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a common ingredient in many toothpastes and mouthwashes, has been linked to the development of canker sores in some individuals. SLS can cause irritation in the mouth, leading to the formation of ulcers.

Prevention and Management of Canker Sores

Preventing canker sores often involves managing the underlying causes. Reducing stress, maintaining a well-balanced diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals, and avoiding foods that trigger ulcers can help prevent outbreaks. For those who frequently suffer from canker sores, switching to an SLS-free toothpaste and using a gentle mouthwash can also reduce occurrences.

When a canker sore does appear, there are several steps you can take to manage the pain and speed up healing. Over-the-counter topical treatments, such as benzocaine or hydrogen peroxide-based gels, can help numb the area and promote healing. Additionally, avoiding spicy and acidic foods during an outbreak can prevent further irritation.

For more severe cases, or if canker sores persist for more than two weeks, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional. They can provide stronger treatments and rule out any underlying health conditions that may be causing the sores.

Canker sores can be a painful and recurring problem, but understanding the causes can help in managing and preventing these ulcers. By addressing factors such as stress, nutritional deficiencies, and food sensitivities, you can reduce the frequency and severity of canker sores. For more detailed information on various health-related causes, visit What Causes.

For additional information on managing canker sores and related conditions, you can refer to this Mayo Clinic article on canker sores.